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ar as received basis | ad air dried basis | d dry basis
Specific Energy Conversions
For conversions between units
1 btu/lb = 0.002326 mj/kg
1 kcal/kg 0.0041868 mj/kg
1 metric ton (tonne) 1.10231 short tons
From GAR to NAR
The difference between net and gross as received (NAR v/s GAR) specific energy values is the latent heat of the water vapour which lowers the effective calorific value in the boiler. To convert from GAR to NAR for bituminous coals subtract approximately
1.09 mj/kg
260 kcal/kg
470 btu/lb
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Coal Basics
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Select a term from the list
=coal that includes TOTAL MOISTURE, ASH, VOLATILE MATTER, and FIXED CARBON
Gieseler plastometer
A coking test commonly used in Japan and the U.S.A. which measures the fluidity characteristics of coal. Fine coal (not pulverised) is heated slowly and as it melts and passes through its plastic range, its fluidity is measured. Results are expressed as maximum fluidity in dial divisions per minute (ddpm). Characteristic temperatures recorded are initial softening temperature, maximum fluidity temperature and re-solidification temperature. The plastic range, which is the temperature range during which the coal is in plastic state, is also important. All coking and caking tests are sensitive to oxidation but the Gieseler test is by far the most sensitive. There are two types of Gieseler plastometers, automatic and manual. The manual equipment can give results which are significantly different to those obtained from automatic equipment.
